How EMDR Works In The Brain
EMDR was created in the 1980s but has become a more commonly used method during therapy sessions today. Originally used as a tool for PTSD treatment, it has transitioned into a method for multiple disorders and conditions.
As more research has been conducted, it has been found to be effective in creating changes in the brain and how information is processed. Traumatic or negative memories can be successfully replaced with positive ones.
So, how does EMDR work?
Your Brain and Trauma
Trauma has more than an emotional impact. It alters your brain’s chemistry, impacting the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus.
Your prefrontal cortex is responsible for your ability to make decisions, think rationally, be creative, and plan. The amygdala has the role of organizing emotional responses produced by aversive stimuli. The hippocampus is involved in the process of learning and recalling information.
When you go through a trauma, you essentially enter into a state of survival mode. The prefrontal cortex starts to function less effectively, while both the amygdala and hippocampus become overworked.
The Role of EMDR
The emotional part of the brain starts to take more control over the rational part. Things reminiscent of the trauma can trigger you and cause you to be symptomatic as a result. Staying in that past loop can cause memories of the trauma to become “stuck” in your brain. Those stuck memories don’t process correctly and will continue to trigger you until corrected.
Your prefrontal cortex is responsible for your ability to make decisions, think rationally, be creative, and plan. The amygdala has the role of organizing emotional responses produced by aversive stimuli. The hippocampus is involved in the process of learning and recalling information.
After trauma, memories that become stuck don’t allow your brain to recover appropriately. This is where EMDR can come into play. By using EMDR, you’ll work to reprocess your memories and release any of the negative thoughts and interfering symptoms you’re experiencing.
How it Works
EMDR targets a negative memory associated with trauma over the course of eight phases. You’ll receive bilateral stimulation in conjunction with specific eye movements prompted by your therapist. Side-to-side eye movements simulate your REM sleep state, where recovery generally occurs.
During EMDR, you’ll focus on your target memory while entering the simulated REM state. Research has shown these components and simulated REM can positively impact your brain chemistry and the areas of the brain affected by the trauma.
Your amygdala and hippocampus become less stimulated and overwhelmed. Your prefrontal cortex resumes normal functioning and takes back control. Each of these areas of the brain works to process your negative memories.
Through EMDR, you’re forcing your brain through a simulated slow-wave sleep state to reap the benefits that you’re missing naturally.
EMDR Phases
The first two phases are the time for your brain to warm up and prepare for the rest of the process. You’ll discuss your history and establish a groundwork for moving forward. Your therapist will explain the process and ensure you feel safe with what’s to come.
Phase three starts the targeting of your memory. You’ll establish a baseline for your thought patterns and any bodily sensations. In phase four, your therapist will initiate bilateral stimulation and eye movements while you’re focusing on your targeted memory. During phase five, you’ll begin replacing any negative thoughts with positive ones. Installation of new thoughts can elicit a sense of calm throughout your mind and body.
Phases six through eight will ensure the EMDR treatment serves its purpose and that your memory is reprocessed. Your therapist will evaluate if any repetition is required and repeat the process as needed.
If you’re interested in EMDR to help heal from your trauma and overcome symptoms, contact me to learn more about EMDR therapy.